Hi, and welcome to the forum. We'll be glad to help you get your problem sorted out. I've got a few direct responses for you, but first, two general things:
1. We'll need to see a photo of the top side of the board, as well as your wiring.
2. We need all photos to be quite a lot larger than the one you've posted. We've got to be able to see little details in how the solder joints are formed and which components are placed in each spot on the board. If you need help uploading better photos, just let us know.
OK, specific responses to your questions:
Bustedcomp wrote:
a 10n capacitor lose a lead. I just jammed it back in there and hoped for the best.
This probably didn't work. It's possible there was enough lead to make contact with the PCB eyelet, but that's not going to make the electrical connection solidly enough for the pedal to work consistently. You either need to find a way to get some bit of that lead soldered, or you need to replace the capacitor. Can you show a photo of this cap and how it's connected?
Bustedcomp wrote:
Next, I put my 8-pin socket in backwards and couldn’t get it out. Can I get by with orienting the chip to line up with the socket or should I spin it 180 degrees?
No problem with the socket going in backwards; it just conducts down to the PCB. The IC
definitely needs to be oriented correctly, though, so be super careful and double-check when you install it. Maybe even mark that socket somehow to remind yourself, in case you need to remove the IC and reinstall it later.
Bustedcomp wrote:
Lastly, my trim pot came apart as I was “dialing it in”. I can still manipulate the pot but it doesn’t look good.
Define "came apart": did you rotate it too far, and it snapped? Did the legs twist off? If a close-up photo would show the damage, please provide one.